Ashish U. Nimkar , Kulwant Rai Sharma

Abstract

Studies were conducted to investigate the high resin yielders (HRYs) and check trees in Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) for turpentine and rosin characters. The data on turpentine content, specific gravity of turpentine, relative flow rate of turpentine and rosin content exhibited significant variation in different high resin yielders and check trees in Pinus roxburghii, whereas the specific gravity and ash content of rosin were found to be nonsignificant. The maximum turpentine percentage was obtained in Ghandir-2 HRY (27.10%) and minimum turpentine was noticed in Chabal-check (18.50%). Highest specific gravity (0.8878) and relative flow rate (1.427) of turpentine was recorded in UHF-check and Chabal-check respectively, while lowest specific gravity (0.8415) and relative flow rate (1.378) of turpentine was noticed in Ghandir-2 HRY. The maximum rosin percentage was recorded in UHF-check (78.60 %) and minimum in Ghandir-2 (69.65%) HRY, whereas specific gravity and ash content of rosin ranged between 1.0301 to 1.0498 and 0.28 to 0.41 per cent, respectively. From this study it can be concluded that highest percentage of turpentine with lowest specific gravity of turpentine and rosin, relative flow rate of turpentine and ash content of rosin are the characteristic feature of high resin yielders and therefore, these parameters may be kept in mind while designing the selection indices for high resin yielders.

Keywords

Pinus roxburghii, Turpentine and Rosin, High Yielders, Check Trees

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Ashish U. Nimkar , Kulwant Rai Sharma , Soniya A. Nimkar

Abstract

Twenty six high resin yielders (HRYs) and ten check trees of Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) marked at different locations of Himachal Pradesh were evaluated for monoterpene composition and their variation. Among monoterpenes, alpha-pinene content was highest in the Bumbloo-5B HRY followed by Ghandir-2 and UHF-3 HRYs. Beta-pinene + delta-3-carene is the major constituent with alpha-pinene and other terpenes the next in proportion and longifolene as minor constituent. The variation in alpha-pinene, beta-pinene + delta-3-carene, other terpenes and longifolene content may be due to degradation of one component into another. Knowledge of the variation pattern in monoterpene composition offers the possibility for identifying geographic origin for further improvement studies.

Keywords

Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent), Monoterpene Variation, Turpentine, High Resin
Yielders (HRYs), Check Trees

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Chanderlekha , Kulwant Rai Sharma

Abstract

Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) is commercially tapped for oleoresin in India. An experiment was laid out to elucidate the relationship of environmental parameters with oleoresin yield in the diameter class of 30-40 cm. The study revealed that the oleoresin yield was significantly affected by environmental factors. The oleoresin yield was positively and highly significantly correlated with temperature (0.9465). The non-significant and positive correlation was found with relative humidity, sunshine hours/month and evaporation. The negative correlation had been observed between oleoresin yield and rainfall (-0.4927). The functional relationship between oleoresin yield with temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hrs/day and evaporation depicted a contribution of 99.23 per cent of variation.

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Rajneesh Kumar , Kulwant Rai Sharma , Lalit Mohan Gupta

Abstract

The present studies were conducted on variation in physico-chemical characteristics of wood of candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo). Among different CPTs of Dalbergia sissoo, significant differences were noticed for all the characters except for holocellulose contents. The maximum height and diameter were recorded in Khajjian-1 whereas, the minimum height was observed in Dhaulakuan-l and diameter in Dhartatoh-3. The maximum bark percentage was noticed in Dhartatoh-l and minimum in Raja ka Bagh-1. The maximum sapwood percentage and minimum heartwood percentage was found in Dhaulakuan-l, while the maximum heartwood percentage was noticed in Khajjian-1. Physico-chemical properties of sapwood viz., specific gravity, fibre length, cold water solubility, hot water solubility, alcohol-benzene solubility, lignin content and holocellulose content ranged between 0.5138 - 0.6306,0.93-1.22 mm, 2.25 % (1.50) - 6.75 % (2.60), 3.50 % (1.87) - 9.15 % (3.02), 1.01 % (1.00) - 7.56 % (2.75), 23.90 -30.50 % and 66.00 - 76.55 %, respectively. Physico-chemical properties of heartwood of Dalbergia sissoo CPTs viz., specific gravity, cold water solubility, hot water solubility, alcohol-benzene solubility, lignin content and holocellulose content ranged between 0.5275 - 0.6905, 5.25 % (2.29) - 10.15 % (3.19), 9.15 % (3.02) - 11.55 % (3.40), 6.82 % (2.61) - 10.82 % (3.29),30.50.39.70 % and 62.00 - 70.00 %, respectively.

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Chander Lekha , Kulwant Rai Sharma

Abstract

Healing of boreholes involved sequential production of callus tissue and formation of vascular cambium by dedifferentiation and conversion of callus cells into cambium cells. Healing of boreholes was initiated by callus formation from edges. The callus growth on lateral sides of the hole has been observed to be more than top and bottom of the borehole resulting into formation of narrow elliptical shaped hole after healing upto two years. The healing percentage showed decreasing trend with increase in the diameter of boreholes. The boreholes of 0.50" (1.25 cm) diameter showed maximum healing percentage of 28.46 per cent and minimum healing percentage of 2.86 per cent was obtained in 1.25" (3.125 cm) diameter boreholes after one year of tapping. Whereas, the healing percentage in 0.50", 0.75" and 1" diameter boreholes was observed to be 70.73, 59.42 and 53.56 per cent, respectively after two years of tapping.

Keywords

Boreholes, Pinusroxburghii, Healingpercentage, Oleoresin, Resin Tapping

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Ashish U. Nimkar , Kulwant Rai Sharma

Abstract

Studies were conducted to investigate the high resin yielder and check trees in Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) for anatomical parameters. The data on tracheid length, diameter of resin ducts and number of resin ducts per mm² exhibited significant variation in different high resin yielders and check trees in Pinus roxburghii. High resin yielders have shown slightly longer tracheids (5.35 mm) as compared to check trees (4.81 mm). All marked high resin yielders were exhibited maximum diameter of oleoresin ducts (0.20 mm) whereas, check trees recorded minimum (0.15 mm). Maximum number of resin ducts per mm² were found in high resin yielders (0.73) while, minimum number was observed in check trees (0.33). From this study it could be concluded that the tracheid length, diameter of resin ducts and number of resin ducts influences the oleoresin yielding capacity of the tree.

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Chander Lekha , Kulwant Rai Sharma

Abstract

The anatomical studies were conducted on the healed boreholes in Pinus roxburghii which had been tapped with borehole method. Microscopic studies revealed that newly formed callus was a mass of undifferentiated cells and the differentiation of callus cells and formation of traumatic resin ducts were observed in two year old samples. In the initial stage of duct formation, it is a multicellular structure and the formation of lumen in resin duct has been recorded at the transition zone of early wood and late wood in healed portion of borehole. Oleoresin duct was found to be roughly round to ovai in shape.

Keywords

Pinus roxburghii, Callus, Resin Duct, Callus Differentiation, Traumatic Resin Ducts

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Kulwant Rai Sharma , Chander Lekha

Abstract

Twenty best performing provenances were selected to Investigate the variability In physico-chemical properties of sapwood and heartwood of Acacia catechu. The genotypic correlation was found to be higher than phenotypic and environmental correlation. The sapwood percentage was significantly and negatively correlated with all the parameters except holocellulose content at genotypic and phenotypic level. The significant and positive genotypic, phenotypic correlation coefficients were noticed between specific gravity and wood extractives, specific gravity and lignin content, lignin and extractives. The holocellulose content was significantly and negatively correlated with all the physico-chemical parameters studied In sapwood. The highly significant positive genotyplc correlation coefficient was found between lignin content and cold water solubility (0.989), lignin and hot water and alcohol benzene solubility, specific gravity and cold water solubility, In heartwood. Katha content and cutch content was significantly and positively correlated with moisture content in heartwood and katha content was significantly and negatively correlated with lignin content. The values 01 the heritability factor were high for holocellulose (0.981), lignin (0.944), and specific gravity (0.870). The genetic advance, genetic gain, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 0.05-24.31, 2.84-42.81, 1.39-20.77,1.33-20.77, respectively for various parameters In sapwood. The maximum heritability value 0.930 (93.0%) was found in katha content and minimum value of 0.051 (5.10%) was noticed In lignin content In heartwood.

Keywords

Acacia Catechu, Variability, Sapwood, Heartwood, Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlation, Heritability,
Genetic Advance, Genetic Gain

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Kulwant Rai Sharma , Ganguva Murtem , Chander Lekha

Abstract

Chir pine is commercially tapped for oleoresin. The oleoresin yield is affected by number of factors. The experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship of morphological parameters and climatic factors with oleoresin yield. The diameter at breast height, height, needle diameter, needle length and bark thickness showeda significant relationship with oleoresin yield. The number of primary branches, crown length has not shown significant relationship with oleoresin yield. The oleoresin yield was highly correlated with the temperature followed by evapotranspiration and sunshine hours. The factors like rainfall, humidity showed non-significant correlation with oleoresin yield; however, they have influenced temperature and evapotranspiration.

Keywords

Pinus roxburghii, Morphological Parameters, Environmental Factors, Correlation Coefficient, Oleoresin Yield

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Kulwant Rai Sharma ¹, Chander Lekha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Forest Products, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, P.O. Nauni – 173230, Solan (H.P.), IN

Abstract

No Abstract

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Ashwani Kumar ¹, Kulwant Rai Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Himalayan Forest Research Institute, ICFRE, MoEF, GOI, Panthaghati, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar, University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out in experimental area in Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan during 2004-2006. The study area falls in mid hill zone of HP, where temperature ranges between o 0-36 °C and annual rainfall varies between 1000-1300mm. Seven different treatments viz. T₁ (Control), T₂ (FYM), T₃ (Azotobacter), T₄ (FYM + Azotobacter), T₅ (Vermicompost). T₆ (Vermicompost + Azotobacter) and T₇ (Vermicompost + FYM) with three spacings viz. S₁ (30x30 cm) S₂ (30x45 cm) and S₃ (45x45 cm) were studied to observe the impact of these treatments on production parameters. The treatment of vermicompost + Azotobacter combination gave maximum plant height (62.12 cm), number of branches/plant (24.00), number of leaves/plant at flowering stage (200.0), number of fruits/plant (51.21), Maximum values for plant height (55.44 cm), number of branches/plant (21.92), number of leaves/plant at flowering stage (171.0), number of fruits/plant (44.08), were recorded at S₃ (45x45 cm) spacing. Overall, treatment of vermicompost + Azotobacter combination at S₃ (45x45 cm) spacing gave maximum plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant at flowering stage and number of fruits/plant as compared to other treatments at different spacings.

Keywords

Growth, Spacing, Solanum nigrum.

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Kulwant Rai Sharma ¹, Ravi Sikarwar ¹, Chander Lekha ¹, Bhupender Dutt ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Forest Products, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, P.O. Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN

Abstract

Progeny trial of Pinus roxburghii was conducted to evaluate the oleoresin yielding potential of half-sib progenies of chirpine. Trees of 60 progenies were enumerated and abstracted for diameter at breast height (d.b.h). The progenies having more than 30 cm d.b.h were selected for oleoresin tapping experiment. In total, 22 out of 60 progenies had minimum one tree above 30 cm d.b.h in at least two replications. Hence, these progenies were selected for stem oleoresin tapping. The maximum value of oleoresin yield was noted in Kopra-P5 (1527.5 g/season) and lowest oleoresin yield was found in Chretmansu-P4 (455.0 g/season). The highest percentage of turpentine content (25.05%) was found in Jubble Green Centre and lowest value of 18.19 per cent was obtained for Bagthan-PT- Black Base. Maximum percentage of rosin was observed in (80.06%) Bagthan-PT Black Base. The highest value of (80.25°C) melting point of rosin was noted in Kaldoo P10 and lowest melting point (68.25°C) was observed for Jubble Green Centre.

Keywords

Pinus roxburghii, Progeny, Oleoresin Yield, Turpentine, Rosin.

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